RE: how to model Soil Structure Interaction on Etabs,Sap2000 Captains210 (Civil/Environmental) I don't have any experience with that modeling approach, but this link gives further explanation
Soil can be modeled using solid finite elements with the appropriate material property values for the soil. If your foundation is pile supported, then you need to model the piles using frame elements and then assign springs or links to joints along the length of the pile. If you have a basemat foundation supported by soil, using shell elements is probably your best option assuming that you've modeled columns using frame/line elements. If your units are, for example, kN/m and you type 1, then you can assign that link to an area (either shell or solid) in kN/m2 area units. You can assign links, both linear and nonlinear links to areas, either solid or shell areas, by utilizing the "Property is defined for this area in area and solid springs" multiplier which is on each link dialogue. What are trying to accomplish by choosing the nonlinear link option? For example, why are you using a nonlinear link property instead of the linear link which offers springs and dampers? Is it important to consider nonlinear PY TZ values? For pile analysis I could see that being a concern, but for building foundation analysis it's probably unnecessary in most designs. You still don't give much information about your modeling and what you are trying to accomplish.
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